At the beginning of the 19th century, England was in a difficult position. Parts of the North American colonies had gained their independence from the crown. Spain was the undisputed ruler of the oceans & a strict enemy to Engl&. English ships were often taken by the Spanish fleet & there was no defense against this. Europe had been conquered by Napoleon's French army & Britain was threatened by invasion. The British fleet was weak in number & suffered from uncreative leadership. There was one British naval officer who was different
- Horatio Nelson! Admiral Nelson was an outstanding & strongly nonconformist leader. He did not follow the old & traditional patterns, but instead created his own solutions in the battles & engagements that he fought & later lead. In fact, at times his path to success was in direct defiance of the orders given him. He did not follow orders that he found useless or not according to his own concept, & because of his leadership & tactical genius, he was victorious in every major engagement he fought & was therefore never brought to task for his disobedience. He was constantly developing & evolving new tactics that became known as the Nelson touch as in the famous & vital Battle of Trafalgar, the largest sea battle ever fought between ships-of-the-line. He was popular & well-respected, & those he led worshipped him in contrast to the usual relationship between English military leaders & their men at that time. He was always personally in the thick of the fight. He appealed to the pride & patriotism of his sailors. This connection to his men, apart from winning the most important sea battle at the time & one of the greatest in the annals of naval warfare, made him a hero to not only his men & the Royal Navy, but to the common people of England where the Battle of Trafalgar, 200 years later, is still celebrated. Trafalgar was a turning point in world history. The English fleet led by Nelson performed a miracle in defeating the combined French & Spanish fleets, thus destroying Spain's dominance of the world's oceans. Now Britain ruled the waves as the famous anthem goes. Britain had finally curtailed the Spanish predominance of the oceans & the end of French dominance of the European continent would soon follow. This victory opened the path to the construction of the British Empire, as no other European power could now prevent Britain's imperialism. Her Walls of Oak, as the wooden hulled ships of the Royal Navy were called, dominated the seas & gave cover to Britain's expansion, while Great Britain lay protected & secure behind them. If Nelson had not prevailed at Trafalgar, the British Empire could not have happened, & the world today would be a very different place.